PSY/250 Unit 4 Quiz — The Humanistic Approach

Psychology

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A child learns that affection from her parents arrives only when she performs well academically, and gradually stops acknowledging her own interest in art. Rogers would describe the operating mechanism here as:

MC1 pt

A. Conditions of worth — love made contingent on standards, leading her to disown parts of her experience

B. The actualizing tendency asserting itself against the environment

C. A peak experience in the domain of esteem needs

D. Reaction formation against an unacceptable impulse

In Rogers's theory, incongruence refers to the gap between:

MC1 pt

A. The self-concept and actual experience

B. The id and the superego

C. Deficiency needs and being needs

D. The persona and the shadow

Which best captures the distinction between D-needs and B-needs in Maslow's theory?

MC1 pt

A. D-needs are driven by lack and diminish when satisfied; B-needs are driven by growth and intensify with engagement

B. D-needs are conscious while B-needs are entirely unconscious

C. D-needs are learned through reinforcement while B-needs are inherited archetypes

D. D-needs apply to children and B-needs apply only to adults

A frequently cited methodological criticism of Maslow's research on self-actualization is that:

MC1 pt

A. He selected exemplars using his own criteria and then derived those criteria from the exemplars — a circular procedure on an unrepresentative sample

B. He relied exclusively on randomized controlled experiments

C. He refused to study anyone he considered psychologically healthy

D. His hierarchy was derived entirely from animal research

Which are the three therapeutic conditions Rogers proposed as necessary and sufficient for change? (Select all that apply.)

Multi2 pts

A. Congruence — the therapist is genuine rather than playing a role

B. Unconditional positive regard — nonpossessive warmth toward the client

C. Empathic understanding — grasping and conveying the client's frame of reference

D. Interpretation — decoding the client's unconscious conflicts for them

E. Reinforcement — systematically rewarding adaptive client behavior

Unconditional positive regard is often misunderstood as approving of everything a person does. Explain the actual distinction Rogers intended, and why it matters for a parent or therapist.

Text3 pts

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