PSY/250 Unit 6 Quiz — Biological, Behavioral, and Social-Cognitive Approaches

Psychology

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A study reports the heritability of Extraversion is .50. The correct interpretation is that:

MC1 pt

A. Roughly 50% of the variance in Extraversion in that population, under those conditions, is attributable to genetic differences

B. Roughly 50% of any given individual's Extraversion was caused by their genes

C. Extraversion is 50% fixed at birth and 50% changeable through effort

D. Half of all extraverts inherited the trait from a parent

A student's headache disappears after taking aspirin, and she becomes more likely to take aspirin for future headaches. This is:

MC1 pt

A. Negative reinforcement — removing an aversive stimulus increases the behavior

B. Positive reinforcement — adding a pleasant stimulus increases the behavior

C. Negative punishment — removing a stimulus decreases the behavior

D. Positive punishment — adding an aversive stimulus decreases the behavior

Bandura's Bobo doll studies were theoretically important primarily because they demonstrated that:

MC1 pt

A. Behavior can be acquired purely by observing a model, without the learner being reinforced

B. Aggression is entirely inherited rather than learned

C. Variable ratio schedules produce the most persistent responding

D. Children with external locus of control are more aggressive

According to Bandura, the most powerful source of self-efficacy is:

MC1 pt

A. Mastery experiences — actually succeeding at the task

B. Verbal persuasion — being told you are capable

C. Vicarious experience — watching someone similar succeed

D. Physiological state — feeling calm while attempting the task

An extraverted teenager gravitates toward team sports and crowded parties, steadily building an environment that further rewards her sociability. This best illustrates:

MC1 pt

A. Active gene–environment correlation, or niche-picking

B. Passive gene–environment correlation

C. Shared environmental influence

D. Reciprocal inhibition

One of the most counterintuitive findings in behavioral genetics is that, for most personality traits, the shared environment accounts for:

MC1 pt

A. Close to zero of the variance — growing up in the same home does little to make siblings alike in personality

B. The large majority of the variance, exceeding genetic influence

C. Exactly the same proportion of variance as heritability

D. All of the variance not explained by measurement error

Which components make up Bandura's reciprocal determinism? (Select all that apply.)

Multi2 pts

A. The person — beliefs, expectancies, and cognitive processes

B. The behavior itself

C. The environment

D. The unconscious id impulses

E. The collective unconscious

Mischel's CAPS model proposes that what is stable about personality is the 'if–then signature' rather than context-free behavior. Explain how this idea resolves the person–situation debate that Mischel himself started in 1968.

Text3 pts

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