PSY/250 Final Assessment — Comprehensive

Psychology

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Questions (11)

Which pairing correctly matches a theorist to the construct they originated?

MC1 pt

A. Rotter — locus of control

B. Bandura — fictional finalism

C. Horney — the collective unconscious

D. Allport — behavioral inhibition

Rogers's concept of incongruence and Freud's concept of defense both describe distortions of experience. The key difference is that Rogers locates the origin in:

MC1 pt

A. Socially imposed conditions of worth, rather than instinctual conflict

B. Inherited archetypes, rather than learned contingencies

C. Reinforcement history, rather than unconscious wishes

D. Cortical arousal levels, rather than early fixation

Which approach is most vulnerable to the criticism that it describes personality without explaining its causes?

MC1 pt

A. The trait approach

B. The social-cognitive approach

C. The behavioral approach

D. The biological approach

A researcher wants to determine whether a new resilience program causes reductions in Neuroticism. Which design is required to support a causal claim?

MC1 pt

A. An experiment with random assignment to program and control conditions

B. A correlational study relating program enrollment to Neuroticism scores

C. A case study following one participant through the program in depth

D. A factor analysis of the resilience program's item content

Both Freud's psychosexual stages and Erikson's psychosocial stages are developmental, but Erikson's differ most fundamentally in that they:

MC1 pt

A. Continue across the entire lifespan and center on social rather than sexual crises

B. Are grounded in measured cortical arousal rather than clinical observation

C. Reject the existence of unconscious processes entirely

D. Conclude by age six with the formation of the superego

A gambler keeps playing a slot machine that pays out unpredictably. The schedule producing this highly persistent, extinction-resistant behavior is:

MC1 pt

A. Variable ratio

B. Fixed interval

C. Fixed ratio

D. Variable interval

Which statement about the Big Five's cross-cultural status is most accurate?

MC1 pt

A. The five-factor structure replicates broadly across languages, though a six-factor HEXACO model fits better in several of them

B. The structure has only ever been replicated in English-speaking samples

C. The structure replicates perfectly in every language studied, settling the question of universality

D. Cross-cultural work has shown the factors to be artifacts of Western individualism with no replication elsewhere

Which criteria are standardly used to evaluate a theory of personality? (Select all that apply.)

Multi2 pts

A. Falsifiability — the theory can in principle be disconfirmed by evidence

B. Parsimony — the theory is no more complex than the data require

C. Heuristic value — the theory generates productive research

D. Applied value — the theory proves useful in practical settings

E. Antiquity — the theory has been in circulation for a long time

A colleague claims: 'Personality is 50% genetic, so half of who you are was fixed at conception and therapy can only touch the other half.' Identify the conceptual errors in this statement and explain what heritability actually tells us.

Text4 pts

Q10

Choose any two approaches covered in this course. Compare how each explains the origin of an anxious personality, and evaluate which account is better supported by evidence. Defend your judgment using at least two of the theory-evaluation criteria.

Text5 pts

Q11

Explain why aggregation raises trait–behavior correlations, and what this implies about how personality should be measured in practice.

Text3 pts

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